Home>Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic>Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic : Plants
ANGIOSPERMS [MONOCOTYLEDONES]
Araceae | Asphodelaceae | Alliaceae | Liliaceae| Iridaceae
ANGIOSPERMS [DICOTYLEDONES]
Santalaceae | Caryophyllaceae | Ramunculaceae | Berberidaceae | Fumariaceae | Brassicaceae | Crassulaceae | Rosaceae | Fabaceae | Zygophyllaceae | Vitaceae | Apiaceae | Primulaceae | Limoniaceae | Lamiaceae | Solanaceae | Boraginaceae | Scrophulariaceae | Bignoniaceae | Caprifoliaceae | Campanulaceae | Asteraceae
Limiting factors: uncontrolled felling in past, conflagrations, excessive pasturage, viral infections and mycosis (by fir sooty-bark Cenangium abietis (Pers.) Rehm. (Discomycetes)). It is necessary to annex areas adjacent to Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve with most valuable Abies-plantations and to create forest reservations in Koro-Karagai, Bugu-Ter and Kan-Djailoo localities in Toktogul district.
Limiting factors: intensive development of piedmonts for dry-farming land agriculture, excessive pasturage in early spring. Conservation options for this species: full protection of areas of occupancy, monitoring of populations in nature, the introduction in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Limiting factors: economic development of lands, pasture in spring, mass collection of flowers and rizometubers. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July. Number (stock in the nature) is unknown. At present it is out of any protection. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites with maximal number, the prohibition of cattle pasture and prohibition of collection of flowers and rizometubers, as well monitoring, are offered to protect the species.
Limiting factors: economic development of lands, pasture in spring period, mass collection of flowers and rizometubers. At present it is out of any protection. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites with maximal number, prohibition of cattle pasture and prohibition of collection of flowers and rizometubers, as well monitoring, are offered to protect the species.
Limiting factors: human economic activity – cattle pasture in spring time, collection of flowers and bulbs. The species is under protection in Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites, prohibition of pasture in spring time and prohibition of flower and bulb collection, as well monitoring, are offered for preservation in the species.
Limiting factors: using by local people as food-plant, destruction of habitats. The species is introduced into culture in Bishkek Botanical garden. It was listed in Red Books of USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) (1975), Uzbekistan (1984), Kazakhstan (1981), Kyrgyz (1985), but special methods of preservation are still not elaborated, so it is necessary for conservation of this onion species to prohibit bulb collection and introduce it into a culture.
Limiting factors: human economic activity – cattle pasture in spring period, collection of flowers and bulbs. The creation of special wildlife areas in sites with maximal number, the prohibition of pasturage in spring period and the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, as well monitoring, are offered for preservation in the species.
Limiting factors: pasture, collection of flowers and bulbs, small reproductive ability, climatic changes. Flowering period: early in April-early in May, depending on the elevation, fruiting period: May-June. This noticeable early blossoming plant is widely known in a culture as ornamental species for a long time. At present it is protected in the Republic by some initiatives of local people only. The creation of special wildlife areas with limitation of any disturbance is need for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: economic development of virgin lands (overgrazing) and massive collecting of flowers and bulbs by people. Complete prohibition of flower and bulb collection/trade, monitoring and creation of special protected areas in the localities with concentrated population are urgently necessary to stave off the danger of species extinction.
Limiting factors: economic development of lands, eating of bulbs by wild animals in spring period, massive collecting of flowers owing to high value of the yellow-flowering tulip as ornamental plant. At present it is under the protection in Sary-Chelek Nature Reservation, but the limitation of land economic development, prohibition of flower collection as well monitoring in habitats, are urgently necessary in the whole area.
Limiting factors: pasturage in blossoming period and collecting of flowers and bulbs. There are necessary for conservation of the species: the prohibition of pasturage in blossoming period, the prohibition of flower and bulb collecting.
Limiting factors: excessive pasturage and collecting of flowers. There are necessary for conservation of the species: prohibition of development of virgin lands, prohibition of collection/trade of flowers and bulbs, limitation of pasturage in vegetation period, as well as creation of small protected territories and monitoring in different sites and habitats.
Limiting factors: ploughing-up, excessive pasturage and mass collection of flowers, especially in surrounding of settlements. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in areas with concentrated populations, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, the prohibition of pasturage in the period up to forming of seeds, are necessary for preservation of the species.
Limiting factors: ploughing-up and excessive pasturage. The creation of protected areas in localities with concentrated populations, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, the prohibition of pasturage in the period up to forming of seeds, as well as monitoring in different parts of the area are offered for preservation of the species.
Limiting factors: excessive pasturage, mass collecting of flowers for bouquets by people. The species is cultivated in foreign botanical gardens but still is insufficiently studied in the culture in Kyrgyz. Prohibition of flower collection and pasturage in vegetation period, as well creation of small protected territories in places of concentrated populations and wide introduction in the culture, are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: economic development of lands (pasturage in spring period), massive collection of flowers and bulbs. There are necessary for the species conservation: the creation of special botanical wildlife areas in sites with concentrated populations, the organising of the monitoring, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, and the prohibition of pasturage.
Limiting factors: economic development of lands and mass collection of flowers. The species was included into Red Book of Tajikistan in 1979 and in Red Book of Kyrgyz in 1985, however only small population is under a formal protection in Kyrgyz in «Sulyukta» botanical wildlife area. There are necessary for the species conservation: complete prohibition of flower collection and pasturage in vegetation period, the creation of additional botanical wildlife areas and also studying of natural populations.
Limiting factors: collection of flowers and bulbs by people, pasture of cattle in spring period. At present it is out of any protection and there are no data about cultivation. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in sites with abundant population, the monitoring and the prohibition of pasturage, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, are necessary for protection of the species.
Limiting factors: pasturage in spring period, collection of flowers and bulbs. This species is included into Red Book of the country since 1985. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in territories with concentrated populations, the monitoring, the prohibition of flower collection and pasturage are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: massive collection of bulbs and flowers (for bouquets by people), destruction by cattle trampling-down. The species is under a protection in the country since 1975. To optimize the protection there are offered: rational usage of pasturable lands, creation of botanical wildlife area in locality with abundant population, prohibition of flower and bulb collection.
Limiting factors: massive collection of flowers (with bulbs) for bouquets by people, especially near settlements. There are offered for protection of the species: to estimate stock in the nature, to optimize the usage of pasturable lands, to create botanical wildlife area in locality with abundant population, to prohibit the flower collection/trade.
Limiting factors: economic development of habitats. The species is included into Red Book of USSR and into Red Book of Uzbekistan. The species is also included into Red Book of Kazakhstan but there are no registrations last years. This plant should be one of main objects of protection in Besh-Aral Nature Reservation. Additional study of distribution and number should be also continued.
Limiting factors: mass collection of roots, economic development of habitats. The species is included into Red Books of adjacent Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan and also into Red Book of USSR, it is under protection in Besh-Aral and Chatkal (Uzbekistan) Nature Reservations. This plant should be one of main objects of protection in Besh-Aral Nature Reservation, where it is still numerous. It is offered to introduce this species into culture.
Limiting factors: disorderly excessive pasturage in habitats. There are no elaborated methods for the species protection but it is offered to continue additional search and study of natural populations.
Limiting factors: human economic activity, excessive cattle pasturage. At present it is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. Studies of area, number in nature and possibilities for the introduction in Botanical garden should be continued, also creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitats is necessary for preservation of the species.
Limiting factors and data about cultivation are unknown. Sary-Mogol botanical wildlife area (in Alai Valley) was specially created for preservation of this species. There are offered to create additional protected area covering territory with abundant populations, and a station for the experimental cultivation of Kostychev’s Pascueflower.
Limiting factors: economic development of habitats. At present time the species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. There are offered for species conservation: to study the biology and abundance and to create protected territories in places with concentrated populations.
Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution, stenoky; small populations can be lost by any possible biotop disturbance (road construction etc.). The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Books of Kyrgyz, Uzbekistan and USSR. For the species’ conservation there are offered search for new populations, monitoring for a Microfumitory’s number and an intensity of negative influence, introduction into Botanical garden and in neighbouring wildlife areas, and the explanatory work for people about necessity to preserve species’ area of occupancy.
Limiting factors: unordered cattle pasturage which put obstacle in reproduction in natural populations of the Iskandera. The species is included into Red Book of the Republic in 1985. The creation of botanical wildlife area (i. g. in Kashka-Suu River basin) is offered for protection of the species.
Limiting factor is human economic activity.There are no elaborated methods for the species’ protection but there are offered common protection routines and study of specific status in different populations.
Limiting factors: cattle-pasturage and felling (firewood-cutting by people). There are necessary to elucidate the number of plants and create botanical wildlife area near Maimak Ry Station, also to make the plantation in culture for the subsequent re-introduction.
Limiting factors: felling of trees, absence of generative reproduction. There are necessary the estimation of the number and the area, organizing of monitoring in the population, and creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat.
Limiting factors: felling of trees, absence of generative reproduction. P. korshinskyi is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden and is included in the list of endangered and protected species in 1975 by special Governmental Decree of Kyrgyz SSR. It is necessary to estimate a number and area, to organise the monitoring for population and habitats, and to protect all trees found.
Limiting factors: economic activity in habitats (plants are weakly resistant for soil compression caused by pasturage), absence of generative reproduction caused by the fruits’ eating by animals, the degeneration owing to the cross-pollination when the species sprouting amongst Sievers’ apple-trees. The species is included into Red Data Book of the Republic in 1985. Trees in Aflatun, Kara-Suu and Kara-Alma Ravines and in Ak-Terek-Gava localities should be especially protected. The organisation of special arboretum is need for plants received from natural seeds pure in genetics.
Limiting factors: economic activity in inhabits, felling (firewood-cutting), fruit collecting by people and eating by animals, excessive pasturage; hybridization factor for genetic pureness is unstudied. However at present this species is not endangered in the country. The species is widely cultivated in world arboretums, in Bishkek Botanical garden – since 1953. Special monitoring for some small isolated marginal natural populations is offered to protect this species, as well monitoring and explanatory work for people and fines for illegal felling.
Limiting factors: weak propagation, economic activity in inhabits, felling (firewood-cutting by local people). This species has a food value, there are also triterpenes revealed in plants; it is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden since 1958, but propagation by seeds is not registered. The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. It is necessary to check all individuals and to organise full protection for the species in Toskaul-Ata and Kara-Alma Forestries.
Limiting factors: weak propagation and mass felling (for hand-made articles of decorative art). The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. It is necessary to check the current state of populations this species, to protect all registered specimens and to create special botanical wildlife area in middle part of Kugart River gorge (Toguz-Toroo District).
Limiting factors: weak propagation and excessive cattle-pasturage in inhabits. It is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden since 1965 as well in another botanical gardens. This plant is included in the list of endangered and protected species in 1975 by special Governmental Decree of Kyrgyz SSR. There is offered to study the current state of populations, and to create botanical wildlife area in a habitat, for the preservation of the species.
Limiting factors: transformation and destruction of habitats caused by construction of roads, excessive pasturage of a cattle (especially goats). Any special measures for the conservation are absent despite of the species was included into Red Book of the Republic. There are offered to take all survived specimens under a protection by corresponding Forestries and to create special protected area with complex routine of nature conservation in Ryazan-Sai Ravine.
Limiting factors: anthropogenic influence (including collection), and erosion of slopes. This plant is included into Red Books of USSR and Kyrgyz and protected in Min-Kush botanical wildlife area. There are offered to expand the territory covered by preservation routine.
Limiting factors: anthropogenic influence (the cattle pasturage in spring period), and weak reproduction (loss of seedlings in cases of drought). This plant is included into Red Book of the Republic but areas of occupancy are still out of territories of any protected areas. There are offered monitoring of populations and introduction into a culture in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Limiting factors: general anthropogenic influence and haying. This plant is included into Red Book of the country; there are protected habitats in Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve of Biosphere. There are offered to invent populations and area, to create additional botanical wildlife areas and to introduce into a culture.
Limiting factors: probably any economic activity (this species is very rare and can easily extinct). At present time there are absent any devised special methods for the preservation despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985, thus studies of area and number should be continued and the creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat is need.
Limiting factors: intensive economic development of lands and damaging of plants by grapes collectors. This plant is included into Red Book of the country and protected in Ryazan-Sai botanical wildlife area. Monitoring for the number is offered for conservation of the species.
Limiting factor: unordered excessive pasturage. Unordered excessive pasturage is one of possible limiting factors for the species. The species is included into Red Book of USSR. It is necessary to re-discover this plant and organise special protection for the species, as well introduce into a culture (from seeds collected).
Limiting factor: washing away by rain waters, from specific habitat to the piedmount zone with unsuitable torrid conditions. Possible limiting factor is the washing away by rain waters, from specific habitat to the piedmount zone with unsuitable torrid conditions. This species is in listed in Red Books of USSR, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz. Search for new populations and creation of botanical wildlife areas in sites with abundant populations are necessary to conserve the species.
Limiting factors are not revealed, data about propagation and cultivation are absent. At present time it is out of any protection, thus the inventory of number and creation of protected areas in habitats are necessary for the species’ conservation.
Limited factors are unstudied, information about cultivation is absent. Part of known population inhabits protected areas in Besh-Aral Nature Reserve. There are offered monitoring and study of the abundance of this species, as well as protection for other areas of occupancy.
Limiting factors: intensive economic activity. Creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat is necessary. This plant of high ornamental value is needed to be introduced into a culture in the botanical gardens.
Limiting factors: mass collection of flowers and the purveyance as medicine and vitaminous plant. It is necessary for the renewal of number and the conservation of area: to organise a special guard of habitats, and to introduce in the botanical gardens as plant of ornamental and medicine value.
Limiting factors: uncontrollable pasturage in early spring and autumn-winter periods, decreasing and destruction of habitats owing to the development of lands (melioration and ploughing-up). Any special methods for the preservation are not elaborated, despite of including into Red Book of the countryin 1985, thus there is necessary to estimate number in nature and to create botanical wildlife areas in habitats with concentrated populations.
Limiting factors: stenoky of the species and destruction of habitats by any disturbing human influence. The species is listed in Red Book of USSR and in Red Book of Kyrgyz. It is necessary to create botanical wildlife areas in sites of abundant populations.
Limiting factors: excessive cattle pasturage and flower collection. The species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country. The creation of botanical wildlife area for the most abundant populations, control for pasturage and the prohibition of flower collection are offered to conserve this species.
Limiting factor: excessive cattle pasturage. The species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country. It is offered for conservation of this species to create botanical wildlife area and to introduce in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Limiting factors: land development in habitats. The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Books of Kyrgyz. It is offered for species’ conservation to create botanical wildlife area in left slope of Chychkan Ravine and to organise monitoring for all populations and area.
Limiting factors: uncontrollable pasturage (destruction by cattle trampling-down) and melioration. Any special methods for the preservation are not elaborated, despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1981. There is offered to create botanical wildlife areas in Selik and Kichik localities.
Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution; small populations can be lost in result of any possible transformation and destruction of habitats caused by disturbing human activity. The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Book of USSR. For the species’ conservation there are offered monitoring for populations, creation of botanical wildlife areas, introduction into a culture (as nice-flowering species), as well to continue study of specific area of occupancy and biology.
Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution, flower collection, disturbance of habitats caused by the mine industry. The species was successfully cultivated in Bishkek Botanical garden in 1941–1944 and 1952–1964; the plant reveals absolute intolerance to the shading. The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985 and is under protection in Khaidarken botanical wildlife area. For the species’ conservation there are offered to create additional botanical wildlife area and to resume and expand the cultivation in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Limiting factors: very weak reproduction, economic development of lands in habitats, felling (firewood-cutting by people). The species is listed in Red Book of USSR and in Red Book of Kyrgyz. Studies of ecology and current state of population, as well the creation of botanical wildlife area in habitat near Kurban-Kol Lake, are urgently necessary for species’ conservation.
Limiting factors are excessive pasturage, ploughing-up and weak reproduction in arid conditions. The species is listed in Red Books of USSR and Kyrgyz but there is no special protection for it. The creation of botanical wildlife area, inventory of
Limiting factors: excessive pasturage in summer period, flower collection (unorganised tourism). This rare species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. There are offered in addition full complex protection of highlands in territories of occupancy, creation of special botanical wildlife areas in places with abundant populations, and introduction in botanical gardens.
Limiting factor: anthropogenic influence (excessive pasturage in summer period). At present time any elaborated special methods for the preservation are absent, despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. Study of the biology and propagation in the nature, introduction into a culture in the botanical gardens and creation of protected territories in places with concentrated populations are necessary for the conservation.
Limiting factors: very weak reproduction, excessive pasturage, destruction by cattle trampling-down and flower collection by people. The species is included into Red Data Book of USSR in 1975 and Red Book of Kyrgyz in 1985, but areas of occupancy are still out of real protection. There are urgent necessary inventory of populations and organising of effective protection for habitats (prohibition of pasturage etc.) and the introduction into a culture.
Limiting factors: an increasing of the human economic activity in habitats, the excessive pasturage in summer period. The conservation of the species should be supported by the introduction in Bishkek Botanical garden and by the creation of botanical wildlife areas in places with abundant populations.
Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic : Plants
GYMNOSPERMS | PinaceaeANGIOSPERMS [MONOCOTYLEDONES]
Araceae | Asphodelaceae | Alliaceae | Liliaceae| Iridaceae
ANGIOSPERMS [DICOTYLEDONES]
Santalaceae | Caryophyllaceae | Ramunculaceae | Berberidaceae | Fumariaceae | Brassicaceae | Crassulaceae | Rosaceae | Fabaceae | Zygophyllaceae | Vitaceae | Apiaceae | Primulaceae | Limoniaceae | Lamiaceae | Solanaceae | Boraginaceae | Scrophulariaceae | Bignoniaceae | Caprifoliaceae | Campanulaceae | Asteraceae
GYMNOSPERMS
Pinaceae
Semenov’s, or Tien Shan, Fir-tree / Abies semenovii
VU: It is narrow-spread relic species endemicic for West Tien Shan. Spread at slopes of At-Oinok, Uzun-Akhmat, Chatkal, Talas (Besh-Tash River gorge) and Suusamyr (only in western part) Mountain Ranges, at the altitude of 1,300-2,800m above the sea level. Usually occurs in mixed communities, area of the forest with predominance in Kyrgyz is 3,700-4,200 ha, with great water-control and anti-erosion value of forests. Reproduction is generative and by layers, age of fruiting is 50-60 years. Propagation is satisfactory in Picea-Abies communities, weak in Juglans-Abies communities and is absent in pure Abies-plantations. It is ornamental tree and cultivated in many botanical gardens.Limiting factors: uncontrolled felling in past, conflagrations, excessive pasturage, viral infections and mycosis (by fir sooty-bark Cenangium abietis (Pers.) Rehm. (Discomycetes)). It is necessary to annex areas adjacent to Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve with most valuable Abies-plantations and to create forest reservations in Koro-Karagai, Bugu-Ter and Kan-Djailoo localities in Toktogul district.
ANGIOSPERMS [MONOCOTYLEDONES]
Araceae
Regel’s Eminium / Eminium regelii
EN: This is rare endangered species sporadically spread in Western Tien Shan and Northern Alai-Pamirs. The species occurs as single individuals at loess soils in metal and silty-soil lands in piedmonts and low-montane zones of Chatkal, At-Oinok and Fergana Mountain Ranges. Flowering period: April-May. Reproduction is generative (by seeds) only, no data about cultivation.Limiting factors: intensive development of piedmonts for dry-farming land agriculture, excessive pasturage in early spring. Conservation options for this species: full protection of areas of occupancy, monitoring of populations in nature, the introduction in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Asphodelaceae
Zenaida’s Foxtail Lily / Eremurus zenaidae
VU: This rare species is endemicic for Kyrgyz; ornamental plant spread in Fergana and Alai Mountain Ranges. Disseminated on metal and silty soil slopes in low- and mid-montane belts of mountains.Limiting factors: economic development of lands, pasture in spring, mass collection of flowers and rizometubers. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July. Number (stock in the nature) is unknown. At present it is out of any protection. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites with maximal number, the prohibition of cattle pasture and prohibition of collection of flowers and rizometubers, as well monitoring, are offered to protect the species.
Zoya’s Yellow Desert Candle / Eremurus zoae
VU: This is rare ornamental plant endemicic for Northern Tien Shan, known from Issyk-Ata and Boom Ravines in Alexander Mountain Range. It populates stony slopes in piedmonts. Flowering period: April-May, fruiting period: May. Data on the number (stock in the nature) and cultivating are unknown.Limiting factors: economic development of lands, pasture in spring period, mass collection of flowers and rizometubers. At present it is out of any protection. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites with maximal number, prohibition of cattle pasture and prohibition of collection of flowers and rizometubers, as well monitoring, are offered to protect the species.
Alliaceae
Twelve-dentate Onion / Allium dodecadontum
VU: It is narrowly spread species endemicic for Chatkal Mountain Range, inhabiting bushes and forest edges in mid-mountain belt. Flowering and fruiting period: May-June. Data on number of population and abundance are absent.Limiting factors: human economic activity – cattle pasture in spring time, collection of flowers and bulbs. The species is under protection in Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve. The creation of special wildlife areas on sites, prohibition of pasture in spring time and prohibition of flower and bulb collection, as well monitoring, are offered for preservation in the species.
Pskem Onion / Allium pskemense
EN: It is rare species endemicic for West Tien Shan, distributed in Chatkal, Kurama, Pskem, Ugam, Talas and Kumbel Mountain Ranges of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan an Kyrgyz. It populates stony slopes and rocky clefts in the mid-mountain zones. Number in nature is limited. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July, reproduction is generative (by seeds), germinating capacity is 1-3 % only.Limiting factors: using by local people as food-plant, destruction of habitats. The species is introduced into culture in Bishkek Botanical garden. It was listed in Red Books of USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) (1975), Uzbekistan (1984), Kazakhstan (1981), Kyrgyz (1985), but special methods of preservation are still not elaborated, so it is necessary for conservation of this onion species to prohibit bulb collection and introduce it into a culture.
Semenov’s Onion / Allium semenovii
VU: It is endemicic species spread in Inner Tien Shan. It populates sub alpine and alpine meadows in highlands, saddles and soddy slopes of northern and western expositions. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: August, reproduction and number (stock in the nature) are unknown.Limiting factors: human economic activity – cattle pasture in spring period, collection of flowers and bulbs. The creation of special wildlife areas in sites with maximal number, the prohibition of pasturage in spring period and the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, as well monitoring, are offered for preservation in the species.
Liliaceae
Eduard's Imperial Crown / Fritillaria eduardii
EN: It sporadically spread Hissar – Hindu Kush species in the northern limit of disjunctive area, highly decorative plant with reducing area and number. In the Republic it is known in two localities at northern macro-slope of eastern part of Turkestan Mountain Range, at 1,550-2,000 m above sea level. The species occurs between shrubs at dump carbonized soils, reproducing mainly by seeds.Limiting factors: pasture, collection of flowers and bulbs, small reproductive ability, climatic changes. Flowering period: early in April-early in May, depending on the elevation, fruiting period: May-June. This noticeable early blossoming plant is widely known in a culture as ornamental species for a long time. At present it is protected in the Republic by some initiatives of local people only. The creation of special wildlife areas with limitation of any disturbance is need for conservation of the species.
Similar Tulip / Tulipa affinis
VU: This critically endangered species is endemicic for North Alai-Pamirs; populations occur in Nuratau (Uzbekistan) and Turkestan Mountain Ranges (Tue-Djailoo locality in Ak-Suu River basin and northern spur near Sulyukta). It populates metal and stony soils in juniper forest. Flowering period: April-May, reproduction is generative (by seeds). This species is insufficiently studied in culture (in Bishkek cultivation is difficult).Limiting factors: economic development of virgin lands (overgrazing) and massive collecting of flowers and bulbs by people. Complete prohibition of flower and bulb collection/trade, monitoring and creation of special protected areas in the localities with concentrated population are urgently necessary to stave off the danger of species extinction.
Chatkal Yellow Tulip / Tulipa anadroma
VU: This species is narrowly spread endemicic of Chatkal Mountain Range (Kyrgyz, Uzbekistan). It is reproducing by seeds and scarcely distributed in walnut forest at metal and loess slopes, in mid-montane belt. Flowering period: the middle 2–3 weeks in April (in Bishkek); in culture biflorate plants with 8-petale perianth occur.Limiting factors: economic development of lands, eating of bulbs by wild animals in spring period, massive collecting of flowers owing to high value of the yellow-flowering tulip as ornamental plant. At present it is under the protection in Sary-Chelek Nature Reservation, but the limitation of land economic development, prohibition of flower collection as well monitoring in habitats, are urgently necessary in the whole area.
Greig's Tulip / Tulipa greigii
EN: It is species endemicic for North and West Tien Shan, the ornamental plant of highest importance for selection (it is introduces into the culture in the end of XIX century). It is reproducing by seeds (seedlings began to blossom after 3rd-4th years) and populates silty-soil and metal slopes with steppe vegetation in piedmonts and mid-montane belt, in Alexander, Talas, Chatkal Mountain Ranges and Chu-Ili Mountains. Flowering period: the last of April-early in May, fruiting period: the last of May-June.Limiting factors: pasturage in blossoming period and collecting of flowers and bulbs. There are necessary for conservation of the species: the prohibition of pasturage in blossoming period, the prohibition of flower and bulb collecting.
Kaufmann’s Tulip / Tulipa kaufmanniana
VU: It is West Tien Shan rare endemicic species, distributed in small areas in Chatkal River valley. This ornamental plant of high value for selection is easily introducing into culture and has wide intraspecific variability. It populates stony slopes in piedmonts and mid-montane belt. Number is 10 generative counted individuals per m2. Flowering period: the last of April-early in June, fruiting period: May-August, depending on the elevation; reproduction is both vegetative (with daughter bulbs) and generative (by seeds).Limiting factors: excessive pasturage and collecting of flowers. There are necessary for conservation of the species: prohibition of development of virgin lands, prohibition of collection/trade of flowers and bulbs, limitation of pasturage in vegetation period, as well as creation of small protected territories and monitoring in different sites and habitats.
Kolpakovski’s Tulip / Tulipa kolpakowskiana
VU: It is North Tien Shan endemicic species (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz), in Kyrgyz it is distributed in Alexander Mountain Range, Chui Valley and Issyk-Kul Hollow. This plant is valuable for a selection (introduced in botanical gardens in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan), early-flowering (March – April) plant with nice blossoms. It makes interesting hybrids with Ostrovski’s Tulip in the nature. It grows at silty-soil and metal soils (where another plants weakly growing) in piedmonts and low-lands.Limiting factors: ploughing-up, excessive pasturage and mass collection of flowers, especially in surrounding of settlements. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in areas with concentrated populations, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, the prohibition of pasturage in the period up to forming of seeds, are necessary for preservation of the species.
Korolkov’s Tulip / Tulipa korolkowii Regel
VU: The species is endemicic for West Tien Shan and Alai-Pamirs (with the main area in Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan) and little-known plant with generative reproduction (by seeds). In Kyrgyz it is distributed at northern macro slope of Turkestan Mountain Range and populates metal, sandy and stony slopes in piedmont zone. Flowering period: 2–3 weeks in April.Limiting factors: ploughing-up and excessive pasturage. The creation of protected areas in localities with concentrated populations, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, the prohibition of pasturage in the period up to forming of seeds, as well as monitoring in different parts of the area are offered for preservation of the species.
Ostrovski’s Tulip / Tulipa ostrowskiana
VU: It is North Tien Shan endemicic species narrowly spread in Alexander and Trans-Ili Mountain Ranges (Northern Kyrgyz and Southern Kazakhstan). The species is scarcely distributed in mid-montane belt at metal and silty-soil slopes. It is popular as a ornamental plant. Flowering period: April-May, fruiting period: May-June, propagating is generative (by seeds). This species often makes hybrids with T. kolpakowskiana both in nature and in culture.Limiting factors: excessive pasturage, mass collecting of flowers for bouquets by people. The species is cultivated in foreign botanical gardens but still is insufficiently studied in the culture in Kyrgyz. Prohibition of flower collection and pasturage in vegetation period, as well creation of small protected territories in places of concentrated populations and wide introduction in the culture, are necessary for conservation of the species.
Broad-stamened Tulip / Tulipa platystemon
VU: It is critically endangered species, narrowly spread endemic of Alai Mountains (Sary-Biya Pass). Period of vegetation is short, flowers are yellow. Flowering period: June, data about habitats, number and cultivation are absent.Limiting factors: economic development of lands (pasturage in spring period), massive collection of flowers and bulbs. There are necessary for the species conservation: the creation of special botanical wildlife areas in sites with concentrated populations, the organising of the monitoring, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, and the prohibition of pasturage.
Pink Tulip / Tulipa rosea
EN: This critically endangered species is rare endemic of northern piedmonts of Turkestan Mountain Range (Tadjikistan, Kyrgyz, Uzbekistan), ornamental plant with narrow area and sharply declining fund.It populates low-montane parti-colored bedrocks with sparse vegetation. Flowering period: March-April, fruiting period: June-July. Reproduction is both by seeds and daughter-bulbs, introduction into a culture in Kyrgyz was still unsuccessful.Limiting factors: economic development of lands and mass collection of flowers. The species was included into Red Book of Tajikistan in 1979 and in Red Book of Kyrgyz in 1985, however only small population is under a formal protection in Kyrgyz in «Sulyukta» botanical wildlife area. There are necessary for the species conservation: complete prohibition of flower collection and pasturage in vegetation period, the creation of additional botanical wildlife areas and also studying of natural populations.
Quadrifolious Tulip / Tulipa tetraphylla
VU: This Inner Tien Shan endemicic species is spread at stony slopes; it is ornamental plant with large yellow greenish-striped blossoms. Number in nature is unknown; flowering period: May.Limiting factors: collection of flowers and bulbs by people, pasture of cattle in spring period. At present it is out of any protection and there are no data about cultivation. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in sites with abundant population, the monitoring and the prohibition of pasturage, the prohibition of flower and bulb collection, are necessary for protection of the species.
Zenaida’s Tulip / Tulipa zenaidae
VU: It is vulnerable narrow-spread species, endemic of Alexander Mountain Range (Northern Kyrgyz and Southern Kazakhstan), and little-known plant. Small groups of plants are scarcely distributed in low mountains at metal and silty-soil slopes with forb grass and sheep’s fescue steppes and scrubby vegetation. Flowering period: 8–10 days in April- May. Propagation is generative (by seeds) both in nature and in culture; it is plant of difficult cultivation (low seed production).Limiting factors: pasturage in spring period, collection of flowers and bulbs. This species is included into Red Book of the country since 1985. Creation of botanical wildlife areas in territories with concentrated populations, the monitoring, the prohibition of flower collection and pasturage are necessary for conservation of the species.
Iridaceae
Orchid-like Juno / Juno orchioides
VU: It is species endemicic for Western and Northern Tien Shan and populates silty-soil, clayey and stony slopes, from piedmonts up to mid-montane belt, in Alexander and Talas Mountain Ranges. Number in nature is unknown; flowering period: the middle 1–2 weeks of April, propagation both vegetative and generative (seedlings flowers in 4th–5th year). The species is cultivated in Bishkek Botanical garden during a period over 40 years.Limiting factors: massive collection of bulbs and flowers (for bouquets by people), destruction by cattle trampling-down. The species is under a protection in the country since 1975. To optimize the protection there are offered: rational usage of pasturable lands, creation of botanical wildlife area in locality with abundant population, prohibition of flower and bulb collection.
Kolpakovski's Blueflag / Iridodictyum kolpakowskianum
VU: It is a species with reducing area, ornamental early-flowering plant, xerophilous ephemeroid. It is spread in piedmonts in Western and Northern Tien Shan and populates silty-soil, loess and stony slopes. Number in nature is limited and decreasing. Flowering period: March-April, fruiting period: May-June; propagation is generative (by seeds), well grows in culture. The species is included into Red Book of adjacent Kazakhstan in 1981.Limiting factors: massive collection of flowers (with bulbs) for bouquets by people, especially near settlements. There are offered for protection of the species: to estimate stock in the nature, to optimize the usage of pasturable lands, to create botanical wildlife area in locality with abundant population, to prohibit the flower collection/trade.
ANGIOSPERMS [DICOTYLEDONES]
Santalaceae
Minkwitz's Bastard Toad-Flax / Thesium minkwitzianum
CR: This rare relic species is under extinction threat and has great scientific importance. It is registered in Kumbel Mountain Range (Kyrgyz) and in adjacent Uzbekistan (Chatkal Nature Reservation). Plants occur at stony slopes. Number in nature is very small (approximately 7 plants in Uzbekistan and 20–30 ones in Kyrgyz). Data over biology and cultivation are absent.Limiting factors: economic development of habitats. The species is included into Red Book of USSR and into Red Book of Uzbekistan. The species is also included into Red Book of Kazakhstan but there are no registrations last years. This plant should be one of main objects of protection in Besh-Aral Nature Reservation. Additional study of distribution and number should be also continued.
Caryophyllaceae
Susamyr Catchfly / Silene sussamyrica
EN: It is rare species with limited area and can easily extinct under possible anthropogenic influence. The species is endemicic for Susamyr (southern macroslope), Kavak-Too, Kokerim and Moldo-Too Mountain Ranges and inhabits rocky clefts and stony sloped. Number is small: all populations are not numerous. Data over biology and cultivation are absent, limiting factors are undetermined. At present time it is out of any protection. It is offered to create botanical wildlife area at in southern slope of Susamyr Mountain Range, for the conservation of this species and appropriate habitats.
Gypsophila-like Allochrusa / Allochrusa gypsophiloides
VU: It is perennial plant with reducing areas of occupancy. This plant has an economic importance (roots contain up to 30 % of saponines). Area of distribution: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyz (Pskem, Talas and Chatkal Mountain Ranges); habitats: savannas. Number in nature has tendency to quick reducing.Limiting factors: mass collection of roots, economic development of habitats. The species is included into Red Books of adjacent Kazakhstan and Kazakhstan and also into Red Book of USSR, it is under protection in Besh-Aral and Chatkal (Uzbekistan) Nature Reservations. This plant should be one of main objects of protection in Besh-Aral Nature Reservation, where it is still numerous. It is offered to introduce this species into culture.
Ramunculaceae
Knorring's Larkspur / Delphinium knorringianum
VU: This rare ornamental plant is relic species with disjunctive area, endemicic of Kyrgyz, where it was found at northern macroslope of Atoinok Mountain Range and in northern spurs of Turkestan and Alai Mountains. The species populates rocks and steep slopes in low- and mid-montane belt. Number in nature is limited, smallest populations are observed. Flowering period: June, propagation is generative (by seeds), data about cultivation are absent.Limiting factors: disorderly excessive pasturage in habitats. There are no elaborated methods for the species protection but it is offered to continue additional search and study of natural populations.
Obtusilobous Windflower / Anemone obtusiloba
VU: It is the most rare species from 4 Kyrgyz congeners, distributed in Terskey Ala-Too Mountain Range and Sary-Dzhaz River basin. It occurs by at stony slopes in highlands. Flowering period: July, reproduction is generative (by seeds). Data over cultivation and number (stock in nature) are absent.Limiting factors: human economic activity, excessive cattle pasturage. At present it is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. Studies of area, number in nature and possibilities for the introduction in Botanical garden should be continued, also creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitats is necessary for preservation of the species.
Kostychev's Pascueflower / Pulsatilla kostyczewii
VU: This species is endemicic for Alai-Pamirs, relic ornamental plant with reducing area. It is spread at stony soils with low-herb steppe vegetation in mid- and high-montane belts in Alai Valley and Alai, Trans-Alai, Peter Great, Darvaz and Balyandkiik Mountain Ranges, above 2,900 m above sea level. Number in nature is limited. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds).Limiting factors and data about cultivation are unknown. Sary-Mogol botanical wildlife area (in Alai Valley) was specially created for preservation of this species. There are offered to create additional protected area covering territory with abundant populations, and a station for the experimental cultivation of Kostychev’s Pascueflower.
Berberidaceae
Kashgarian Barberry / Berberis kaschgarica
VU: It is rare little-known species, one of five Kyrgyz congeners, scarcely distributed in Sary-Dzhaz River basin up to 4,300 m above sea level, at stony slopes and moraines. It has value as soil-fixing and food plant. Flowering period: June-August, fruiting period: the last of August-September, number is limited. This plant is unstudied in the culture and has generative reproduction.Limiting factors: economic development of habitats. At present time the species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. There are offered for species conservation: to study the biology and abundance and to create protected territories in places with concentrated populations.
Fumariaceae
False Hooked Fumitory / Corydalis pseudoadunca
VU: This rare perennial species is endemicic for Alai-Pamirs. It is known from Alai Mountains (northern macroslope: basin of Gultcha River, Taldyk Pass) and Trans-Alai Mountain Range (Kyzyl-Suu andAltyn-Dara Ravines), and populates stony and metal precipitates with scanty vegetation at river banks, from mid-montane belt up to river heads. This plant is blossoming and fruiting in June – August; propagation is generative (by seeds). Data over the number in nature, limiting factors and cultivation are absent. These data are necessary for the elaboration of effective methods of species’ preservation.
Microfumitory / Fumariola turkestanica
EN: It is narrow-distributed species, endemicic for north-western part of Alai Mountains, representative of the monotypic genus. This small annual plant is known from five sites only, in basins of Shakhimardan and Isfairamsai Rivers and in area between them (Kyrgyz and Uzbekistan), and populates cleft on steep and precipitous limy rocks, at 1,050–1,500 m above sea level. Flowering period: the last of May-June, fruiting period: July, vegetative propagation is absent.Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution, stenoky; small populations can be lost by any possible biotop disturbance (road construction etc.). The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Books of Kyrgyz, Uzbekistan and USSR. For the species’ conservation there are offered search for new populations, monitoring for a Microfumitory’s number and an intensity of negative influence, introduction into Botanical garden and in neighbouring wildlife areas, and the explanatory work for people about necessity to preserve species’ area of occupancy.
Brassicaceae
Alai Iskandera / Iskandera alaica
VU: This rarest relic endemic of Alai Valley is still known from 2–3 sites at southern slope of Alai Mountains (Kyzyl-Eshme, Kashka-Suu Ravines) and frombasin ofAltyn-Dara River (northern slope of Trans-Alai Mountain Range), and is only one representative of the genus in the country. Single plants are found at clayey and lime steep slopes with scanty vegetation, in mid- and high-montane belts. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July, propagation is generative (by seeds). Data about cultivation are unknown.Limiting factors: unordered cattle pasturage which put obstacle in reproduction in natural populations of the Iskandera. The species is included into Red Book of the Republic in 1985. The creation of botanical wildlife area (i. g. in Kashka-Suu River basin) is offered for protection of the species.
Crassulaceae
Litvinov’s Rosewort / Rhodiola litwinowii
LC: It is rare species mosaic-distributed inAlai-Pamirs, Tien Shan, Kashgaria, Dzhungaria andMongolia. This plant has economic importance. In Kyrgyz it sporadically occurs in Talas,Alexander, Chatkal, Fergana, Turkestan and Alai Mountain Ranges, on stony and metal slopes and screes in upper montane belt, nearby glaciers and at passes. Number in nature is decreasing. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Data about cultivation are absent.Limiting factor is human economic activity.There are no elaborated methods for the species’ protection but there are offered common protection routines and study of specific status in different populations.
Rosaceae
Tien Shan Sibiraea / Sibiraea tianschanica
CR: It is very rare low shrub species with disjunctive area is endemic of Northern Tien Shan, in Kyrgyz is known in TerskeyAla-Too (eastern part – Kok-Dzhar River gorge) and Kungei Ala-Too (Syuttu-Bulak River gorge) Mountain Ranges only, another locality is Dzhiya River riverhead (Zailiysky Mountain Range, Kazakhstan). The species scarcely (by single specimens and small groups) populates upper margin of forest and subalpine meadows in upper parts of gorges. Young plants were grown in Bishkek Botanical garden died because of warm and dry climate. Flowering period: June, reproduction is generative (by seeds) and vegetative, but shoots are absent in nature on account of excessive pasturage (main limiting factor). This rare species is listed in Red Book of Kazakhstan (1981) and Kyrgyz (1985), but any special methods for preservation at present are absent. There are offered to create the botanical wildlife area in Kok-Dzhar riverhead and to organise the observation in other habitats.
Olga's Sorbaria / Sorbaria olgae
CR: It is narrow-spread shrub species endemicic for AlaiMountain Range, is known by unique found only in 1871 in Shakhimardan vicinity at altitude near 1,000 m above sea level. The habitat is mixed forest (Juniper and deciduous trees). Flowering period: May, data about ecology, propagation, and number in nature and cultivation are absent. Excessive pasturage is presumably limiting factor. This plant is included in the list of endangered and protected species in 1975 by special Governmental Decree of Kyrgyz SSR. At present it is necessary to continue attempts to re-discover this species, to study the current state of population and create protected territory if it still consists there.
Spireanthus, or Schrenk's False Spirea / Spiraeanthus schrenkianus
CR: It is Middle Asian endemicic representative of small relic genus, rare plant species known in Kyrgyz by the sample from Maimak vicinity only (north-westernmost Kyrgyz at the Kazakh border). These plants occur in nature by small groups at stony low-montane slopes. Flowering period: 15–20 days in June, propagating by seeds, but juveniles not occur and number in nature are unknown. A timber of this ornamental shrub is very nice and is valued by cabinet-masters. Cultivation in Bishkek Botanical garden (1955–1958) was unsuccessful because of weak competitiveness with other shrubs.Limiting factors: cattle-pasturage and felling (firewood-cutting by people). There are necessary to elucidate the number of plants and create botanical wildlife area near Maimak Ry Station, also to make the plantation in culture for the subsequent re-introduction.
Middle Asian Pear / Pyrus asiae-mediae
EN: It is narrow-spread little-known species of debatable taxonomic rank, West Tien Shan endemic. Single individuals were reported in Chatkal, Pskem and Uzun-Akhmat Mountain Ranges nearby old settlements, in zone of apple-walnut forest, in flood-lands on alluvial soils, up to 1,200 m above sea level. Flowering period: April-May, fruiting period: September-October, reproduction is both generative (by seeds) and vegetative (by root-layers). This is valuable element of genetic fund for the selection of pear cultivars; it is cultivating in several villages and in Bishkek Botanical garden. Only one population of vague origin in Pskem River valley is known for certain.Limiting factors: felling of trees, absence of generative reproduction. There are necessary the estimation of the number and the area, organizing of monitoring in the population, and creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat.
Korzhinski's Pear / Pyrus korshinskyi
VU: It is narrow-spread little-known species endemicic for West Tien Shan and Northern Alai-Pamirs, one of three Kyrgyz congeners. Single individuals occur in Chatkal and Fergana Mountain Ranges at dry metal, silty-soil and stony slopes, in bottom of dry gorges in low- and mid-montane belts, at 1,200–1,700 m above sea level. It is valuable species for genetic fund and for the selection of pear drought-resisting cultivars. Flowering period: May, fruiting period: August-September, reproduction is by seeds and root-layers. Number in nature is insignificant.Limiting factors: felling of trees, absence of generative reproduction. P. korshinskyi is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden and is included in the list of endangered and protected species in 1975 by special Governmental Decree of Kyrgyz SSR. It is necessary to estimate a number and area, to organise the monitoring for population and habitats, and to protect all trees found.
Niedzvetzki's Apple-tree / Malus niedzwetzkyana
VU: This relic species is endemicic for Tien Shan, one of three Kyrgyz congeners. It was described from Mashat Mountain (Syrdar Karatau Mountain Range), and is known in Western Tien-Shan and Xinjiang; in Kyrgyz it is spread in Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat Mountain Ranges and in south-eastern part of Fergana Mountain Range. Single individuals sparsely occur in walnut and fruit forest zone. Flowering period: the last of April-early in May, fruiting period: August-September; reproduction is both generative (by seeds) and vegetative (by root-layers). It is valuable species for genetic fund and for the selection and breeding of apple cultivars; the species is widely spread in a culture.Limiting factors: economic activity in habitats (plants are weakly resistant for soil compression caused by pasturage), absence of generative reproduction caused by the fruits’ eating by animals, the degeneration owing to the cross-pollination when the species sprouting amongst Sievers’ apple-trees. The species is included into Red Data Book of the Republic in 1985. Trees in Aflatun, Kara-Suu and Kara-Alma Ravines and in Ak-Terek-Gava localities should be especially protected. The organisation of special arboretum is need for plants received from natural seeds pure in genetics.
Sievers's Apple-tree / Malus sieversii
LC: This species is polymorph and spread mainly in Middle Asia mountains, valuable food-plant for apple selection. It is only one species from the flora of Kyrgyz which is listed in IUCN RLTS (categoryVU B1+2c). Area of the species in the country includes Alexander (western part of northern macroslope), Talas (western part), Suusamyr-Too (southern slope), Uzun-Akhmat, Chatkal,Atoinok, Fergana andAlai (north-eastern part) Mountain Ranges, and basins of Chatkal, Kichi-Kemin and Chon-Kemin Rivers. Trees occur individually and by groups in forest belt at 1,200–2,400 m above sea level. Flowering period: the last of April-early in May, fruiting period: July-September, propagation is both generative and vegetative. Apple forests in Kyrgyz (M. sieversii is the main component) are under a managing of forest governmental authorities and occupy about 16,700 ha.Limiting factors: economic activity in inhabits, felling (firewood-cutting), fruit collecting by people and eating by animals, excessive pasturage; hybridization factor for genetic pureness is unstudied. However at present this species is not endangered in the country. The species is widely cultivated in world arboretums, in Bishkek Botanical garden – since 1953. Special monitoring for some small isolated marginal natural populations is offered to protect this species, as well monitoring and explanatory work for people and fines for illegal felling.
Knorring's Haw-tree / Crataegus knorringiana
VU: This narrow-spreaded insufficiently studied species is endemicic for Kyrgyz and is known in Chychkan Ravine, Chatkal, Fergana and Alai Mountains. It occurs by single individuals (trees up to 5–6 m of height) on stony and silty-soil slopes and in river valleys with trees and shrubs, in low- and mid-montane belts; number is insignificant. Flowering period: the last of April early in May, fruiting period: September, propagation is generative but reproduction is observed very seldom.Limiting factors: weak propagation, economic activity in inhabits, felling (firewood-cutting by local people). This species has a food value, there are also triterpenes revealed in plants; it is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden since 1958, but propagation by seeds is not registered. The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. It is necessary to check all individuals and to organise full protection for the species in Toskaul-Ata and Kara-Alma Forestries.
Persian Rowan / Sorbus persica
VU: It is narrow-spread endemicic species with reducing area and number. Single individuals occur in ravines in Fergana, Uzun-Akhmat, Talas,Alexander, Kokerim-Too and Ak-Shyirak-Western Mountain Ranges. At present it is known from many localities by herbarium samples only. Flowering period: May, fruiting period: September, propagation is generative but reproduction is very limited. This ornamental tree is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden since 1967 but no flowering.Limiting factors: weak propagation and mass felling (for hand-made articles of decorative art). The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. It is necessary to check the current state of populations this species, to protect all registered specimens and to create special botanical wildlife area in middle part of Kugart River gorge (Toguz-Toroo District).
Petunnikov's Almond / Amygdalus petunnikowii
VU: This narrow-spread relic shrub is endemicic for West Tien Shan, in Kyrgyz it is known in western part of Talas Mountain Range and in the basin of Chatkal River (northern slope of Chatkal Mountain Range). Small groups occur at metal slopes of northern exposition, in zone of the arboreal vegetation and between shrubs. Flowering period: the middle of April, fruiting period: September, propagation is generative but reproduction is almost absent in nature. Number is unknown.Limiting factors: weak propagation and excessive cattle-pasturage in inhabits. It is cultivating in Bishkek Botanical garden since 1965 as well in another botanical gardens. This plant is included in the list of endangered and protected species in 1975 by special Governmental Decree of Kyrgyz SSR. There is offered to study the current state of populations, and to create botanical wildlife area in a habitat, for the preservation of the species.
Fabaceae
Korolkov's Pagoda-tree / Styphnolobium korolkowii
CR: It is narrow-spread endemicic species with reducing area and number; the northernmost and only one representative of this ornamental shrub genus in Kyrgyz. Area of the species is limited by the middle part of Naryn River basin (Kurpsai, Ryazan-Sai, Tchaak-Too and Kara-Suu localities). These plants populate metal slopes at parti-colored and mottled clayey soils in piedmont zone. Flowering period: May, fruiting period: June- August, propagation is both generative and vegetative. Cultivation is problematic: in Bishkek Botanical garden all seedlings were lost, only one specimen from shrubs re-placed together with soil clod was saved and even began a flowering, it hibernates in a shelter.Limiting factors: transformation and destruction of habitats caused by construction of roads, excessive pasturage of a cattle (especially goats). Any special measures for the conservation are absent despite of the species was included into Red Book of the Republic. There are offered to take all survived specimens under a protection by corresponding Forestries and to create special protected area with complex routine of nature conservation in Ryazan-Sai Ravine.
Dwarf Ammopiptanth / Ammopiptanthus nanus
EN: This ornamental evergreen shrub plant is rare species with disjunctive area and only one representative of the genus in Kyrgyz, has a value as medicinal plant and the important element of the genetic fund. It is known from Kashgaria (China) and the area limited by Kokomeren River basin (Kavak-Too and Dzhumgal Mountain Ranges). Plants occur on slopes with sod-less soil on particolored bedrocks, in the midmontane zone. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is both generative and vegetative. Cultivation is problematic: in Bishkek Botanical garden all seedlings were lost next winter. Number was about 15,000 individuals in 1979; present data are not quantitative.Limiting factors: anthropogenic influence (including collection), and erosion of slopes. This plant is included into Red Books of USSR and Kyrgyz and protected in Min-Kush botanical wildlife area. There are offered to expand the territory covered by preservation routine.
Short-winged Bladder-senna / Colutea brachyptera
VU: This rare deciduous shrub species is endemicic for Fergana and Alai Mountain Ranges, one of three congeners in the country, ornamental plant. It populates motley sandy and clayey soils at red speckled sandstones and conglomerates, in piedmont zone. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period: June-July, propagation is generative and very seldom vegetative. There is no information about number and cultivation. Area of occupancy is declining by economic development of lands (main limiting factor), mass collection (damaging) of flowering plants. This plant is included into Red Book of the country in 1985 but majority of populations are out of any protected territories, thus there is offered to check current abundance and area and create botanical wildlife area at territory with concentrated population.
Kostyczewia, Pilose Chesneya / Chesneya villosa
EN: It is narrowly spread species, rarest one amongst four congeners, and endemicic for Kyrgyz. These perennial herbaceous plants occur by single specimens in desert and semi-desert stony piedmont plains in western part of Issyk-Kul Hollow only. Flowering period: July, fruiting period: August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number is critically insignificant. Information about cultivation is absent.Limiting factors: anthropogenic influence (the cattle pasturage in spring period), and weak reproduction (loss of seedlings in cases of drought). This plant is included into Red Book of the Republic but areas of occupancy are still out of territories of any protected areas. There are offered monitoring of populations and introduction into a culture in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Chaeto-fruited Sweet Broom / Hedysarum chaitocarpum
EN: It is relic species, mosaic-distributed in Chatkal and Fergana Mountain Ranges, endemic of Kyrgyz, ornamental plant. At present time the sharp reduction of specific area of distribution is recorded. These plants occur by single specimens and sometimes in small groups, in walnut and fruit forest, between shrubs, in tall-herb meadows and in lower zone of sub alpine belt. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Data about cultivation are absent, number in nature is limited.Limiting factors: general anthropogenic influence and haying. This plant is included into Red Book of the country; there are protected habitats in Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve of Biosphere. There are offered to invent populations and area, to create additional botanical wildlife areas and to introduce into a culture.
Zygophyllaceae
Kashgarian Bean Caper / Zygophyllum kaschgaricum
VU: It is endangered rare little-studied species endemicic for Central Tien Shan, one of eight Kyrgyz congeners, scarcely distributed in the lowest part of Sary-Dzhaz River basin. It populates plots with swamped soils amongst stony desert, in low-montane zone. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: August, propagation is generative (by seeds), data about cultivation are absent. Number is insignificant, extinction is possible.Limiting factors: probably any economic activity (this species is very rare and can easily extinct). At present time there are absent any devised special methods for the preservation despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985, thus studies of area and number should be continued and the creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat is need.
Vitaceaee
Uzun-Akhmat Grape / Vitis usunachmatica
VU: This species of large liana is endemicic for Western Tien Shan and spread in Uzun-Akhmat, Chatkal, Atoinok, Tchaak-Too and Fergana Mountain Ranges. The species has value as food-plant and for grape selection. It populates bottomlands in ravines and sometimes slopes, number is insignificant. Flowering period: May, fruiting period: the last of August-September, propagation is generative (by seeds) in nature, while in culture propagation is possible by grape-stalks (vegetative). It is cultivated in Bishkek Botanical garden (since 1956) and in private gardens in Tash-Kumyr and Kara-Kul; some specimens hibernates without shelters.Limiting factors: intensive economic development of lands and damaging of plants by grapes collectors. This plant is included into Red Book of the country and protected in Ryazan-Sai botanical wildlife area. Monitoring for the number is offered for conservation of the species.
Apiaceae
Sclerotiaria / Sclerotiaria pentaceros
CR: This medium-sized perennial plant is representative of monotypic genus (unique element of the world genetic fund) and still is known only by type-specimen despite of special search. The species was found in western part of Alexander Mountain Range on metal slope with scree, between 1,700 and 1,900 m above sea level. All another records were unauthentic and are belongs to another genera. Flowering period: July, fruiting period: August, propagation is presumably generative (by seeds) only.Limiting factor: unordered excessive pasturage. Unordered excessive pasturage is one of possible limiting factors for the species. The species is included into Red Book of USSR. It is necessary to re-discover this plant and organise special protection for the species, as well introduce into a culture (from seeds collected).
Wolly-fruited Kosopoljanskia / Kosopoljanskia hebecarpa
EN: This perennial plant is one of two representatives of the genus which genus is sub-endemicic for Kyrgyz. It is endangered species because of it is still known by two samples from Alai Mountains only and is under real risk of extinction caused by anthropogenic factors. Plants were collected on stony and metal slope with scree, between bushes. Data about biology, abundance and limiting factors are absent. This species in unknown in a culture and at present time is out of any protection. There are necessary to conserve the species: search for populations, study of specific territory of occupancy and number, and the creation of botanical wildlife areas in sites where this species survives in natural habitat in a complex with another rare species.
Turkestan Kosopoljanskia / Kosopoljanskia turkestanica
VU: This mosaic-distributed species is one of two representatives of the genus which genus is sub endemicic for Kyrgyz. These perennial plants in Kyrgyz were recorded in upper part of Talas River basin, in Ortok-Too and Utch-Bulak, in Alai Mountains (Ak-Buura Ravine) and in Inner Tien Shan (near junction Kokomeren and Jumgal Rivers), where were found at dry schistose screes, stony and silty-soil and conglomerate slopes and salted mottled clay. Flowering period: June, fruiting period: July, propagation is generative (by seeds) only. Data about number in nature and cultivation are absent.Limiting factor: washing away by rain waters, from specific habitat to the piedmount zone with unsuitable torrid conditions. Possible limiting factor is the washing away by rain waters, from specific habitat to the piedmount zone with unsuitable torrid conditions. This species is in listed in Red Books of USSR, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz. Search for new populations and creation of botanical wildlife areas in sites with abundant populations are necessary to conserve the species.
Rosetted Thorough-wax / Bupleurum rosulare
VU: This rare small-sized perennial plant is one of six congeners in the flora of Kyrgyz. In Kyrgyz this species was found in upper parts Talas and Orto-Koshoi River valleys, at southern slope of Alexander Mountain Range, in Tchungur, Barkol and Tchokor Rivers. It populates metal slopes and rocky clefts. Flowering Period: July-August, fruiting period: August-September. In Number populations are small.Limiting factors are not revealed, data about propagation and cultivation are absent. At present time it is out of any protection, thus the inventory of number and creation of protected areas in habitats are necessary for the species’ conservation.
Intermediate Hyalolaena / Hyalolaena intermedia
VU: It is rare species endemic for Kyrgyz, one of three congeners distributed in the Republic. This perennial monocarpous plant is gypsophilous and populates limestone denudations in Chatkal and Fergana Mountain Ranges and in valleys of Naryn and Bekechal Rivers, by small separated groups. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period: June-July. Propagation is presumably generative (by seeds) only. Number is insignificant, limiting factors are not revealed, data over the cultivation are absent. Several populations are protected by common routine in Bash-Aral Nature Reserve. The arrangement of habitat conservation for other populations is offered to conserve the species.
Seaholly-like Meadow Saxifrage / Seseli eryngioides
VU: The species is local endemic of Kyrgyz, one of sixteen congeners in the flora of the country. It is known in several sites in Chatkal Mountain Range (Bozbu-Too Mountains, Itagar Ravine, Ak-Sai and Kur-Aryk localities). Plants populates clefts in lime rocks, populations are not numerous. Flowering period: July, fruiting period August- September.Limited factors are unstudied, information about cultivation is absent. Part of known population inhabits protected areas in Besh-Aral Nature Reserve. There are offered monitoring and study of the abundance of this species, as well as protection for other areas of occupancy.
Korshinsky's Meadow Saxifrage / Seseli korshinskyi
EN: This rare tall plant is narrowly spread endemic of Kyrgyz and distributed in Ketmen-Tyube Valley only. The species has scientific importance. It populates stony and metal slopes, screes and limestone denudations. Flowering Period: July-August, fruiting period: August-September. Any information about general number in nature (single plants occur in specific habitats), limiting factors and existing protection for the species is absent. It is unknown in culture.
Cnidiocarpa / Cnidiocarpa alaica
VU: It is rare little-known representative of the monotypic genus (unique element of the world genetic fund) and still is known in southern slope of Alai Mountain Range (near Karamyk village not far from Tajikistan border), where these perennial plants populate swamped places in bottomlands of river gorges. Number is insignificant, plants occur in small groups. Flowering period: July, fruiting period: August. There is no information on reproduction, cultivation and existing protection for the species. It is necessary to organise the protection of habitats and continue the study of area and biology of this species.
Microcarpous Dorema / Dorema microcarpum
VU: This rare large perennial plant is endemicic for mountains surrounding Fergana Valley. In Kyrgyz this threatened species populates parti-colored bedrocks, clayey, steep metal and stony slopes in dry gorges, with scanty ephemerois and motley-grass gypsophilous vegetation, at 700–1800 m above sea level. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number is insignificant, single specimens occur. Limiting factors are anthropogenic. There are no data over cultivation and existing protection for this plant. It is necessary to introduce this species into a culture and to invent natural populations.
Pastinacopsis / Pastinacopsis glacialis
EN: It is representative of monotypic genus (unique element of the world genetic fund), perennial mesophytic altimountainous plant with the disjunctive area. It is distributed in Transiliense Mountains (South-Eastern Kazakhstan), Alexander Mountain Range (Kyrgyz; two sites) and Xinjiang (Western China). The species populates metal and stony slopes of southern exposition, as well as glacial cars, in alpine and subglacial belts, at 3,000–3,500 m above sea level. Flowering period: July-August, fruiting period: August- September, propagation is generative (by seeds) only and seeds are ripened not every year. The species is unstudied in a culture; number in nature is insignificant, global extinction is possible. Limiting factors: small number and area of occupancy. This species is included into Red Books of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz (in 1984) but any preservation measures are not elaborated. It is offered to create botanical wildlife area in Shamsi riverhead, where there are populations of this species and highland undisturbed vegetation.Primulaceae
Eugenia's Primrose / Primula eugeniae
VU: This is critically endangered very rare narrow-spread ornamental plant species, known only from western part of Fergana Mountain Range (Baubash-Ata Mountain spur). It populates clefts in rocks in alpic zone, reproduction is generative (by seeds), renewal in nature is not studied (plant is fruiting in August, flowering is probably in June). Number is insignificant.Limiting factors: intensive economic activity. Creation of botanical wildlife area in the habitat is necessary. This plant of high ornamental value is needed to be introduced into a culture in the botanical gardens.
Large-calyxed Primrose / Primula macrocalyx
VU: This sporadically distributed widespread species is rare very narrow-spread plant in Kyrgyz. The specific area is mosaic and includes Eastern Europe, Caucasus, Iran, Northern Tien Shan, Western and Eastern Siberia. In the Republic it is distributed inAlexander Mountain Range (country between rivers Kegety and Taldy-Bulak) and occurs at glades and meadow slopes in forest zone and in tall-herb meadows. Flowering period: May, reproduction is generative (by seeds), species is unstudied in the culture in Kyrgyz. Number in nature is insignificant.Limiting factors: mass collection of flowers and the purveyance as medicine and vitaminous plant. It is necessary for the renewal of number and the conservation of area: to organise a special guard of habitats, and to introduce in the botanical gardens as plant of ornamental and medicine value.
Semenov's Kaufmannia / Kaufmannia semenovii
VU: This rare species is endemicic for Northern Tien Shan (Transiliense and Ketmen Mountains in Kazakhstan and Kungei Ala-Too in Kyrgyz), and occurs in small number in the belt of spruce forest, where it populates rocky clefts. Only one population in the country is known, in Orto-Baisoorun locality in Tchon-Aksu River basin. Flowering period: May-June (sometimes July, depending on the elevation), fruiting period: July-August. There are no exact information about reproduction and number in nature as well about cultivation. Limiting factors: excessive recreational influence to habitats, mass flower collection. The species is listed in Red Book of USSR (1978, 1984) and in Red Book of Kazakhstan (1981). There is necessary for conservation of this species: monitoring for the population, protection of habitats, introducing into a culture.Limoniaceae
Dense Prickly-thrift / Acantholimon compactum
VU: It is rare mosaic-distributed endemicic species, one of 25 Kyrgyz congeners, spread in the country between rivers Lyailyak and Shakhimardan. It populates silty-soil and stony piedmonts, usually in ephemers-absinthe communities, at the altitude 1,000–2,000 m above sea level. Flowering period: June-August, reproduction is generative (by seeds). Any data about cultivation are absent, number in nature is small.Limiting factors: uncontrollable pasturage in early spring and autumn-winter periods, decreasing and destruction of habitats owing to the development of lands (melioration and ploughing-up). Any special methods for the preservation are not elaborated, despite of including into Red Book of the countryin 1985, thus there is necessary to estimate number in nature and to create botanical wildlife areas in habitats with concentrated populations.
Lamiaceae
Andrachne-like Scullcup / Scutellaria andrachnoides
VU: This dwarf semi-shrub petrophyte plant is rare narrowly spread endemic of Southern Kyrgyz. It populates rocky clefts in canyon of Naryn River in an area between Karakul town and junction of Karasu River (right tributary of Naryn). Flowering period: July- September, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number in nature is insignificant, data over the cultivation are absent.Limiting factors: stenoky of the species and destruction of habitats by any disturbing human influence. The species is listed in Red Book of USSR and in Red Book of Kyrgyz. It is necessary to create botanical wildlife areas in sites of abundant populations.
Catmint-like Scullcup / Scutellaria nepetoides
VU: This small perennial plant is rare narrowly spreaded endemic of Southern Kyrgyz. It populates stony and metal slopes and screes in mid-montane belt in basin of Shakhimardan River. Flowering period: April-September, fruiting period: May-September;, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number in nature is insignificant, data over the cultivation are absent.Limiting factors: excessive cattle pasturage and flower collection. The species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country. The creation of botanical wildlife area for the most abundant populations, control for pasturage and the prohibition of flower collection are offered to conserve this species.
Anomalous Alajja / Alajja anomala
VU: This rare species is Middle-Asian endemic mosaic-distributed in highlands only. It is spread in Inner Tien Shan (Toguz-Toroo District, Ak-Teke Mountains) and in Alai Mountains. This low very densely downy perennial plant sporadically populates screes and stony steep slopes of southern exposition, in alpine and sub-glacial zone, and occurs in small number. Flowering period: July-August, propagation is both vegetative and generative (by seeds). This species is unknown in a culture. Limiting factors are still not revealed. The species is included into Red Book of the country but ant special preservation measures are not elaborated. General routine of highland nature conservation is need.
Schennikov's Otostegia / Otostegia schennikovii
VU: This stocky semi-shrub plant is rarest little-studied endemic of Western Tien Shan with disjunctive area. The species is still known from three sites only: at southern slope of Chatkal (near Shekaftar village), in Moldo-Too (Karagatty gorge) and Ak-Shyirak-Western Mountain Ranges. Plants occur on slopes with parti-colored bedrocks of southern exposition, flower in July; propagation is generative (by seeds). Number in nature is very small, information over the cultivation is absent.Limiting factor: excessive cattle pasturage. The species is out of any protection despite of including into Red Book of the country. It is offered for conservation of this species to create botanical wildlife area and to introduce in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Korolkov's Sage / Salvia korolkowii
VU: This ornamental semi-shrub plant is rare endemic of Western Tien Shan. The specific area includes Karzhantau (south-eastern spurs), Ugam, Pskem and Chatkal (north-western part) Mountain Ranges. Plant occurs on metal and stony slopes in low-montane zone. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number of populations is insignificant, abundance is low. The species is cultivating in Tashkent Botanical garden but absent in a culture in Kyrgyz. Limiting factors: small area of occupancy, possible road construction and another economic land development in habitats. The species is listed in Red Books of Kyrgyz (1985), Uzbekistan and USSR. The creation of botanical wildlife area for the most abundant populations is offered to conserve this species.
Vvedensky's Sage / Salvia vvedenskyi
VU: This ornamental perennial plant is rare narrowly spread endemic of Kyrgyz. The specific area is limited by northern low- and mid-montane part of Ketmen-Tyube Hollow (Chychkan Ravine, south-eastern spur of Talas Mountain Range and southern slope of Suusamyr-Too Mountain Range). Plant occurs on metal and stony slopes, mainly of eastern exposition. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number in nature is very insignificant.Limiting factors: land development in habitats. The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Books of Kyrgyz. It is offered for species’ conservation to create botanical wildlife area in left slope of Chychkan Ravine and to organise monitoring for all populations and area.
Solanaceae
Alai Physochlaina / Physochlaina alaica
VU: This plant is endemicic for North-eastern Alai-Pamirs, rare narrowly located and endangered species. The species was found in Sokh and Shakhimardan River valleys, it populates open glades between Juniper forest, under shrubs and shades of rocks. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period: the last of July, propagation is generative (by seeds), introduction into a culture in Kyrgyz was still unsuccessful. Number in nature is insignificant.Limiting factors: uncontrollable pasturage (destruction by cattle trampling-down) and melioration. Any special methods for the preservation are not elaborated, despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1981. There is offered to create botanical wildlife areas in Selik and Kichik localities.
Boraginaceae
Tianschaniella / Tianschaniella umbellifera
VU: It is rare mosaic-distributed perennial plant, endemicic for Inner and Central Tien-Shan. In Kyrgyz it is known from several sites only: area near Tchatyr-Kul Lake, Torugart-Too, Ak-Shyirak-Eartern and Terskei Ala-Too (Ottuk Ravine in south-eastern part). The species sporadically populates meagre silty-soil places, at rocky river-banks and in rocky gorges. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: September, propagation is generative (by seeds). The species is unknown in a culture, number in nature is insignificant. Limiting factors: destruction of habitats caused by excessive cattle pasturage. This plant is still out of any special protection despite including into Red Book of the country in 1985. It is necessary to continue study of distribution and ecology, and to create botanical wildlife area, for conservation of the species.Scrophulariaceae
Nathaliella / Nathaliella alaica
CR: It is rare local endemic of north-western part ofAlaiMountains, representative of the monotypic genus of Himalayan origin. This stemless perennial plant is known from basins of Isfairamsai and Shakhimardan (area near Kurban-Kol Lake) Rivers (Kyrgyz and Uzbekistan) only. It populates stony slopes and rocks in mid-montane belt. Flowering and fruiting period: June-July, propagation is generative. Number is extremely small.Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution; small populations can be lost in result of any possible transformation and destruction of habitats caused by disturbing human activity. The species is unknown in a culture and in territories of existing protected areas, despite of it is listed in Red Book of USSR. For the species’ conservation there are offered monitoring for populations, creation of botanical wildlife areas, introduction into a culture (as nice-flowering species), as well to continue study of specific area of occupancy and biology.
Bignoniaceae
Olga’s Chinese Trumpet-creeper / Incarvillea olgae
CR: It is rare local species endemicic of north-western spurs of Alai Mountains. This ornamental perennial plant is only one representative of the relic genus in Kyrgyz and is known from the area between Sokh and Shakhimardan Rivers (Katrang-Too Mountain Range). The species populates pebbles in riverbeds and stony and clayey slopes, at 700–2,500 m above sea level. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: August, propagation is generative (by seeds) only. Number is extremely small, plants occur by single specimens.Limiting factors: small territory of occupancy and distribution, flower collection, disturbance of habitats caused by the mine industry. The species was successfully cultivated in Bishkek Botanical garden in 1941–1944 and 1952–1964; the plant reveals absolute intolerance to the shading. The species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985 and is under protection in Khaidarken botanical wildlife area. For the species’ conservation there are offered to create additional botanical wildlife area and to resume and expand the cultivation in Bishkek Botanical garden.
Caprifoliaceae
Paradoxical Honeysuckle / Lonicera paradoxa
CR: It is critically endangered very rare narrow-spread species, tertiary relict shrub, one of 10 Kyrgyz congeners. The species has disjunctive area and distributed in Alai Mountains (Kok-Suu River gorge stream-up of Kurban-Kol Lake) in Kyrgyz territory and in two localities in territories of adjacent countries (Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan, Turkestan and Zerawshan Mountain Ranges) only. This plant populates stony placers and slopes between shrubs at 2,000–3,000 m above sea level. Total world number of individuals is about 30–40. Flowering period: May, reproduction is generative but renewal and propagation by seeds in nature are almost absent.Limiting factors: very weak reproduction, economic development of lands in habitats, felling (firewood-cutting by people). The species is listed in Red Book of USSR and in Red Book of Kyrgyz. Studies of ecology and current state of population, as well the creation of botanical wildlife area in habitat near Kurban-Kol Lake, are urgently necessary for species’ conservation.
Campanulaceae
Eugenia’s Bell-flower / Campanula eugeniae
VU: This ornamental perennial plant is endemicic of Western Tien Shan, mosaic-distributed and rarest of six congeners in Kyrgyz. Species occurs in Talas and Fergana Mountain Ranges and populates clefts in marble rocks in mid-montane and subalpine belts. Flowering period: May-August, fruiting period: June-September, propagation is generative (by seeds) only. Number in nature is limited; information over cultivation is absent; at present time it is out of any protection. Land development is the limiting factor. There are offered to invent the areas of occupancy and create botanical wildlife areas for the species’ conservation.Asteraceae
Lamyropappus / Lamyropappus schakaptaricus
VU: It is a rare mosaic-distributed representative of the monotypic genus, ornamental plant. The specific area includes limited territories in deserts near Balkhash Lake (Kazakhstan), in Ketmen-Tyube Hollow (Kok-Kyya locality) at northern macro-slope and spurs of Chatkal Mountain Range and in western part of Fergana Mountain Range (southern piedmonts in basins of Maili-Sai and Dzhide-Sai Rivers). The species occurs by sparse specimens at motley-clayey, loess and stony soils on slopes and in depressions in low montane zone. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: August, propagation is generative (by seeds). Number in nature is small, the species is unstudied in a culture.Limiting factors are excessive pasturage, ploughing-up and weak reproduction in arid conditions. The species is listed in Red Books of USSR and Kyrgyz but there is no special protection for it. The creation of botanical wildlife area, inventory of
WrappedAlpine Saw-wort / Saussurea involucrata
VU: This ornamental plant is rare vulnerable species at the margin of the specific area (Northern and Central Tien Shan, Xinjiang, Eastern Siberia). In Kyrgyz it sporadically occurs in upper part of Sary-Dzhaz River basin, near Petrov’s Glacier and at Terskei Ala-Too Mountain Range (Torpu locality). The species populates stony placers at highland slopes. Flowering period: June-July, reproduction is generative (by seeds) only; data about cultivation are absent. Number is small.Limiting factors: excessive pasturage in summer period, flower collection (unorganised tourism). This rare species is included into Red Book of the country in 1985. There are offered in addition full complex protection of highlands in territories of occupancy, creation of special botanical wildlife areas in places with abundant populations, and introduction in botanical gardens.
Aulie-Ata Stemmacantha Centaury / Stemmacantha aulieatensis
EN: It is critically endangered very rare narrow-spreaded species, distributed in Alexander (only in western part), Etchkili-Too, Ak-Tash and Talas (Kara-Koyun River basin) Mountain Ranges. This ornamental plant occurs by single individuals at stony and metal slopes in the zone of Juniper forest. Flowering period: May-June, propagation is generative (by seeds); the plant is unstudied in a culture.Limiting factor: anthropogenic influence (excessive pasturage in summer period). At present time any elaborated special methods for the preservation are absent, despite of including into Red Book of the country in 1985. Study of the biology and propagation in the nature, introduction into a culture in the botanical gardens and creation of protected territories in places with concentrated populations are necessary for the conservation.
Alai Centaury / Centaurea alaica
VU: This mosaic-distributed species is local endemic of Southern Tien-Shan and North-eastern Alai-Pamirs. It is spreaded in Alai and Fergana Mountain Ranges (Tar River basin). This tall perennial plant has an aesthetic value. Plant populates stony slopes in low- and mid-montane belts. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: July-August. Number is insignificant, limiting factors are not revealed. Data about cultivation and any protection measures are absent. The protection of habitats and monitoring, inventory of the specific area and populations, as well as prohibition of flower collection, are offered to conserve the species.
Aulie-Ata Pseudoglossanthis Centaury / Trichanthemis aulieatensis
EN: It is endangered narrowly spreaded species with reducing area and number, ornamental perennial flower, only one representative of separate section between congeners, endemicic for North-western Kyrgyz and Southern Kazakhstan. It is known from several sites in westernmost part of Alexander Mountain Range (Kara-Archa Ravine), in Syr-Dar Karatau (Kazakhstan) and in Echkiletau Mountain Ridge but was not registered in Kyrgyz last fifteen years. The species was observed by very sparse individuals on stony slopes and in narrowly gullies, at 1,400–1,800 m above sea level, up to Juniper open forest belt. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period: July, propagation is generative (by seeds).Limiting factors: very weak reproduction, excessive pasturage, destruction by cattle trampling-down and flower collection by people. The species is included into Red Data Book of USSR in 1975 and Red Book of Kyrgyz in 1985, but areas of occupancy are still out of real protection. There are urgent necessary inventory of populations and organising of effective protection for habitats (prohibition of pasturage etc.) and the introduction into a culture.
Golden Trichanthemis Centaury / Trichanthemis aurea
VU: It is rare ornamental plant, narrowly spread endemic of northern part of Alai Mountains (Kyrgyz, Uzbekistan). The species was found in several sites in lower parts of Isfairamsai and Shakhimardan Ravines and at northern slope of Katrang-Too Mountain Range, on stony, metal and metal-clayey slopes. Flowering period: May-June, fruiting period July-August, propagation is generative (by seeds) only. Number is small. The species is unknown in a culture. Limiting factors: excessive pasturage (trampling-down by cattle) and mass flower collection. This plant is out of special protection despite of including into Red Book of Kyrgyz in 1985. There are offered to create botanical wildlife area in territory of occupancy and to introduce in Botanical garden (valuable ornamental plant).
Edelweiss-like Pyrethrum / Pyrethrum leontopodium
VU: This small perennial plant is rare mosaic-distributed species spread in Alai-Pamir, Tien Shan, Dhungar and TarbagataiMountain Range. In Kyrgyz it is known from Alexander, Kungei Ala-Too, Terskei Ala-Too and Fergana Mountain Ranges and Sary-Dzhaz River basin. The species populates screes, metal and stony slopes, pebbles in riverbeds and moraines, in the altimountainous zone. Flowering period: July-August, fruiting period: August-September. All revealed populations are insignificant in number. Data about cultivation and any protection measures are absent. The protection of habitats and monitoring, as well prohibition of flower collection is offered to conserve the species.
Komarov's Lepidolopha / Lepidolopha komarowii
EN: It is little-known representative of Middle Asian endemicic genus, distributed in Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Kurama, Turkestan, Zaravshan and Hissar Mountain Ranges. In the Republic it is known by herbarium samples from north-westernmost Kyrgyz at the Kazakh border (V.I. Tkatchenko’s personal communication) and at the junction of rivers Naryn and Kara-Suu (right tributary of Naryn). It is very rare ornamental shrub plant populates silty-soil and stony slopes and screes in low- and mid-montane zones. Flowering period: June-July, fruiting period: August-September, propagation is generative; the plant in unstudied in a culture.Limiting factors: an increasing of the human economic activity in habitats, the excessive pasturage in summer period. The conservation of the species should be supported by the introduction in Bishkek Botanical garden and by the creation of botanical wildlife areas in places with abundant populations.