Home>Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic>Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic : Arthropods
ODONATA | Cordulegasteridae
ORTHOPTERA | Tettigoniidae
COLEOPTERA | Cicindelidae | Carabidae | Cerambycidae | Pieridae | Papilionidae
DIPTERA | Asilidae
HYMENOPTERA | Siricidae | Megalodontidae | Sapygidae | Masaridae | Formicidae
Limiting factors: destruction of habitats, any competitors. Creation of micro-reservation is necessary for preservation of this species, with prohibition of pasturage and regulation of any disturbance; study of distribution and monitoring are also expedient.
Limiting factors: pollution of water streams and drying of small rivers and inflows owing to the water-distribution for agriculture purposes. At present time it is under formal protection in Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral Nature Reserves. Regulation of water-distribution for economic use and averting of pollution danger, as well as study of the life mode and phenology of larvae are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, ploughing-up, excessive pasture and pesticide treatments. At present it is out of any protection, though was included into Red Book of the country in 1985. To conserve the species urgent creation of micro reservations (with prohibition of ploughing-up, pasture and haying, and averting of the fire) and study of the current distribution in Kyrgyz are necessary.
Limiting factors: agricultural development of virgin lands, melioration, possibly collection by amateurs. Urgent creation of micro-reservations and study of the larval life mode and competitors are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: agricultural development and tree-cutting in bottomland forests, possibly fire and treatment by pesticides. Urgent creation of micro-reservations, prohibition of cutting of old and dry birch and willow trees, also all-round monitoring and study of the larval life mode and competitors, are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, disturbance of vegetation by excessive pasture, treatment by pesticides. For conservation of this species it is necessary to preserve virgin habitats (especially in vicinities of Tash-Kumyr town and Aravan village), to study of the life mode of females.
Limiting factors: small number and areas of isolated populations, excessive pasturage. The species was included into Red Data Book of Kyrgyz in 1984 but protection is still not organized. Searching for populations in Turkestan Mountain Range, creation of micro-reservations and identification of optimal degree of anthropogenic press to vegetation are recommended for the conservation.
Limiting factors: narrow endemicism and monophagy, possibly excessive pasturage and destruction of biotopes. It is out of any protection, but degree of anthropogenic disturbance of habitats is not critical at present time. Monitoring in created micro-reservations, study of the reproductive ability and possibilities for the introduction are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: excessive pasturage and end parasitoids. At present it is out of any protection, but degree of anthropogenic disturbance of habitats is not critical. Monitoring in created micro-reservations, study of the reproductive ability and forage reserve and possibilities for stabilisation of populations including the introduction are necessary for conservation of the species.
Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, ploughing-up and pesticide treatments. At present it is out of any protection, while was included into Red Book of the country in 1985. To conserve the species, creation of micro-reservations with decreasing of mentioned limiting factors, and study of the current distribution and ecology, are necessary.
Limiting factors: competitors (xylophagous beetles also inhabit Juniper timber), natural enemies (entomophagous birds and insects), reducing areas of Juniper forests with dead wood, weakened and wind-fallen trees. At present time habitats are protected in Kyrgyz-Ata National Park, Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral Nature Reserves. For conservation of this species it is necessary to preserve forest areas with some number of dead, weakened and windfallen old Juniper trees.
Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic : Arthropods
ARANEAE | DictynidaeODONATA | Cordulegasteridae
ORTHOPTERA | Tettigoniidae
COLEOPTERA | Cicindelidae | Carabidae | Cerambycidae | Pieridae | Papilionidae
DIPTERA | Asilidae
HYMENOPTERA | Siricidae | Megalodontidae | Sapygidae | Masaridae | Formicidae
ARANEAE
Dictynidae
Ovchinnikov's Relic Spider / Tricholathys relicta
VU: It is narrow-spread endemic relic spider species of extremely small number. It is only one representative of Holarctic genus in Eastern hemisphere, has unique scientific importance because of peculiar morphological features. There is one known compact group of subpopulations in highlands near Lake Kol-Ukok in western part of Terskei Ala-Too Mountain Range. Spiders populate small plots of exposed soil with scant vegetation on rocky scree, at 3,500 m above sea level. Adults occur at the end of summer; they make web tubes under semishrubs and obviously are more active predators than congeners.Limiting factors: destruction of habitats, any competitors. Creation of micro-reservation is necessary for preservation of this species, with prohibition of pasturage and regulation of any disturbance; study of distribution and monitoring are also expedient.
ODONATA
Cordulegasteridae
Coronate Spiketail / Sonjagaster coronatus
VU: It is local montane Middle-Asian species with mosaic distribution, noticeable large and naturally rare dragon-fly. It is only one representative of the family in Kyrgyz, it has an aesthetic value and the scientific zoogeographical importance and for the preservation of regional genetic fund. Imagoes and aquatic larvae are active predators. Fly-period: end of May – end of July. Larvae of this species inhabit clear water streams and rivers (preferably of snow-spring supplying-type, at 800–2,000 m above sea level), burying themselves into sand. Ecology of the species is studied in some populations and results show the high level of vulnerability. Number of males is twice more than females, territorial behavior is characteristic.Limiting factors: pollution of water streams and drying of small rivers and inflows owing to the water-distribution for agriculture purposes. At present time it is under formal protection in Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral Nature Reserves. Regulation of water-distribution for economic use and averting of pollution danger, as well as study of the life mode and phenology of larvae are necessary for conservation of the species.
ORTHOPTERA
Tettigoniidae
MatriarchalKatydid, Predatory Bush Cricket / Saga pedo
VU: It is naturally rare widespread (from Southwestern Europe up to South-western Siberia) species, which is included into IUCN RLST and some regional Red Lists; populations are mosaic-distributed at lands under economic development; it is largest or thopteroid and only one representative of the family in fauna of the country; it has aesthetic value and scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of regional genetic fund. It is parthenogenetic species, predator at all stages, monovoltine, imagoes occur up to autumn; the species inhabit foothills and piedmonts with steppe vegetation, was registered (as single specimens) in Kyrgyz in four sites only.Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, ploughing-up, excessive pasture and pesticide treatments. At present it is out of any protection, though was included into Red Book of the country in 1985. To conserve the species urgent creation of micro reservations (with prohibition of ploughing-up, pasture and haying, and averting of the fire) and study of the current distribution in Kyrgyz are necessary.
COLEOPTERA
Cicindelidae
Galatea Tiger Beetle / Cephalota galatea
EN: It is very locally distributed Fergana endemicic species. It is only one representative of the genus in Kyrgyz, has aesthetic value and scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of regional genetic fund. Imagoes flying in the beginning of summer in clayey low-montane biotopes with salted plots, at 800–1,100 m above sea level, they are active predators, and larvae are unknown. Populations are found in area between Sumsar and Gavasai rivers (southern slope of Chatkal Mountain Range), and also the species is known from several sites in adjacent territories of Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan. Galatea Tiger Beetle was not rare in beginning of XXth century but at present the number is small everywhere and strongly decreasing.Limiting factors: agricultural development of virgin lands, melioration, possibly collection by amateurs. Urgent creation of micro-reservations and study of the larval life mode and competitors are necessary for conservation of the species.
Carabidae
FerganaGround Beetle / Carabus (Pseudotribax) ferghanicus
VU: It is narrowly distributed endemicic species. It is one of two representatives of oligotypic relic subgenus and has scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of regional genetic fund. Adult beetles occur in the period from May to August in zone of walnut-fruit forests or some higher, in northern part of Fergana Mountain Range, in forest-shrubbery biotopes, in stony scree and under rocks, at 1,200–2,500 m above sea level. Life cycle is poorly known. Imagoes are active predators, larvae are unknown. Isolated populations are under the great risk of extinction owing to anthropogenic disturbance because beetles were not registered in areas where pasturage or tree-cutting are conducting. Other limiting factors: treatment by pesticides and destruction by insectivores. For conservation of this species it is necessary to preserve virgin walnut-fruit forests, and to study the larval life mode and possibilities for re-introduction into disturbed habitats as well.
VigorousGround Beetle / Carabus (Pseudotribax) validus
VU: It is narrowly spread rare endemicic species. It is one of two representatives of oligotypical relic subgenus of scientific zoogeographical importance and importance for preservation of regional genetic fund. The area includes Fergana (middle part), Kokerim (southern slopes), Ak-Shyirak-Western and Tchaar-Tash Mountain Ranges. Adult beetles occur in May and June in a forest and shrubbery belt, often in gullies with stones and near water reservoirs, at 1,250–2,500 m above sea level. Life cycle is poorly known; imagoes are active predators, larvae are unknown. Isolated populations are under a great risk owing to anthropogenic disturbance because beetles were not registered e. g. in areas of intensive pasturage. Other possible limiting factors: treatment by pesticides and destruction by insectivores. Preservation of virgin biotopes in habitats (creation of micro-reservations), more precise definition of an area of distribution and revealing of the larval life mode are necessary for conservation of the species.Cerambycidae
Kirghizobia Longicorn Beetle / Kirgisobia bohnei
EN: It is locally distributed endemicic representative of the monotypic genus, which is globally endangered by sharp decreasing of area of occupancy and habitats. This taxon is not found in any other countries and has scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of world genetic fund. Beetles fly in June and July in low- and mid-montane bottomland deciduous forests, at 1,500–2,300 m above sea level. Larvae are unknown and live in timber probably of old birches or willows (Betula, Salix). Very small populations are found in north-eastern spurs of Alai Mountains and in basin of Tar River. Natural enemies are unstudied.Limiting factors: agricultural development and tree-cutting in bottomland forests, possibly fire and treatment by pesticides. Urgent creation of micro-reservations, prohibition of cutting of old and dry birch and willow trees, also all-round monitoring and study of the larval life mode and competitors, are necessary for conservation of the species.
Tschitscherin’s Root Borer / Prionus (Pogonartron) tschitscherini
VU: It is narrowly distributed species and endemicic for piedmonts of eastern surrounding of Fergana Valley (Chatkal, Fergana and Kichik-Alai Mountain Ranges). It is one of five representatives of the relic genus in fauna of Kyrgyz, it has aesthetic value and importance in the aspect of regional genetic fund preservation. Adult beetles (females are unknown and possibly apterous, males are attracted to light) occur in the period from the end May to last third of August in zone of pistachio open forests or steppe-like biotopes, with eroded rocky denudations, at 600–1,100 m above sea level. Ontogenesis possibly takes Tschitscherin’s Root Borer. Over one year, larvae feed on perennial worm-wood roots.Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, disturbance of vegetation by excessive pasture, treatment by pesticides. For conservation of this species it is necessary to preserve virgin habitats (especially in vicinities of Tash-Kumyr town and Aravan village), to study of the life mode of females.
Pieridae
Christoph’s CloudedYellow / Colias christophi
VU: It is sporadically and locally distributed species endemicic for northern part of Hissar-Alai Mountains. It is most distinctive representative of the 12 congeners in Kyrgyz and has aesthetic value and for preservation of the genetic fund. This monovoltine species hibernates as second instar larva, caterpillars feed on Astragalus sp.; butterflies fly in end of June- July at metal and stony slopes near ridgetops, at 3,300 (2,700)–3,500 m above sea level. Several small populations are located in Kyrgyz in east part of Alai Mountains (including adjacent KollektorskyRange); also presumably in eastern part of Turkestan Range; except this C. christophi is also known in adjacent territory of Northern Tadjikistan.Limiting factors: small number and areas of isolated populations, excessive pasturage. The species was included into Red Data Book of Kyrgyz in 1984 but protection is still not organized. Searching for populations in Turkestan Mountain Range, creation of micro-reservations and identification of optimal degree of anthropogenic press to vegetation are recommended for the conservation.
Papilionidae
LoxiasApollo Butterfly / Parnassius (Kailasius) loxias (ssp. Tashkorensis)
VU: It is one of three subspecies of very local species endemicic for Central Tien Shan; noticeable large butterfly of aesthetic value. All three species of the olygotypic subgenus have scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of world genetic fund. Butterflies occur from middle of June to mid- August on steep precipitous stony and clayey eroded slopes with sparse vegetation and hostplants (Corydalis krasnovi), at 2,500–3,100 m above sea level. Number and especially areas of occupancy are small.Limiting factors: narrow endemicism and monophagy, possibly excessive pasturage and destruction of biotopes. It is out of any protection, but degree of anthropogenic disturbance of habitats is not critical at present time. Monitoring in created micro-reservations, study of the reproductive ability and possibilities for the introduction are necessary for conservation of the species.
Merzbacher’sApollo Butterfly / Parnassius (s. str.) apollo (ssp. Merzbacheri)
LR: North Tien Shan and Dzhungar subspecies of mosaic distributed wide-spread noticeable large butterfly, the species is included into IUCN RLTS, Appendix II of CITES and many regional Red Lists. The species is monovoltine; butterflies occur from end of June to autumn in meadow steppe or meadow-wood biotopes with host-plants (Sedum ewersii, S. hybridum, S. alberti), at 1,000–3,000 m above sea level, in Alexander, Dzhumgal, Kastek, Zailiisky, Kungei and Terskei Ala-Too Mountain Ranges. Number is various in different years, maximal is to 100–120 imagoes per hectare. Any local population can quickly disappear inr case of biotope destruction since this species is incapable to migrate. Degeneration of habitats arises from haying and excessive cattle pasture. At present several populations are under the protection in Issyk-Kul Nature reservation. Habitats of some populations are threatened and need to be as micro-reservations with regulation of anthropogenic influence. Monitoring, study of the biology and forage reserve and experiments on the breeding and reintroduction should be continued.
Voldemar Southern Swallowtail / Papilio (s. str.) alexanor (ssp. voldemar)
12. Papilio (s. str.) alexanor ssp. voldemar Status: VU. It is local West Tien Shan subspecies of mosaic distributed wide-spread noticeable large butterfly, which species and subspecies are included into some regional Red Lists. It is one of two congeners in Kyrgyz and has aesthetic value and scientific zoogeographical importance and for preservation of regional genetic fund. Butterflies occur in June on stony and clayey low-montane slopes with steppe vegetation and Umbelliferae plants, at 800–2,000 m above sea level. Number is small everywhere.Limiting factors: excessive pasturage and end parasitoids. At present it is out of any protection, but degree of anthropogenic disturbance of habitats is not critical. Monitoring in created micro-reservations, study of the reproductive ability and forage reserve and possibilities for stabilisation of populations including the introduction are necessary for conservation of the species.
DIPTERA
Asilidae
Eversmann’s Giant Robber-fly / Satanas gigas
LR: It is naturally rare widespread (from Northern Africa up to Mongolia and Northern China) species, populations of which are mosaic-distributed at lands under economic development. It is noticeable large robber-fly, which species is included into some regional Red Lists, active predator, caught acridids and gad-flies. Flies occur in season from end of June to mid-September; the species inhabits foothills and piedmonts with steppe vegetation, up to 1,900 m above sea level and is registered in Kyrgyz in several sites in Talas, Chatkal, Uzun-Akhmat, Fergana and Tchu valleys, in Middle-Naryn and Issyk-Kul hollows. Number is small everywhere.Limiting factors: development of virgin lands, ploughing-up and pesticide treatments. At present it is out of any protection, while was included into Red Book of the country in 1985. To conserve the species, creation of micro-reservations with decreasing of mentioned limiting factors, and study of the current distribution and ecology, are necessary.
HYMENOPTERA
Siricidae
Juniper Horntail / Urocerus sah
LR: It is naturally rare Ancient-Mediterranean species spread from North-western Africa up to Western Pamir, one of four representatives of the family in Kyrgyz; habitats have the tendency of square decreasing. Imagoes occur in season from end of June to October in lower and middle zones of Juniper forest band, at 1,200–2,300 m above sea level, the species is registered in Kyrgyz in several sites in Chatkal, Fergana, Turkestan and Alai Mountains.Limiting factors: competitors (xylophagous beetles also inhabit Juniper timber), natural enemies (entomophagous birds and insects), reducing areas of Juniper forests with dead wood, weakened and wind-fallen trees. At present time habitats are protected in Kyrgyz-Ata National Park, Sary-Chelek and Besh-Aral Nature Reserves. For conservation of this species it is necessary to preserve forest areas with some number of dead, weakened and windfallen old Juniper trees.
Megalodontidae
Kuznetzov’s Lamellicorn Saw-fly / Megalodontes (Rhipidioceros) kuznetzovi
VU: It is West Tien Shan endemic, which has the most narrow area among Middle-Asian saw-flies. The species has scientific importance in zoogeographical aspect and for preservation of genetic fund. It is found in wood and bush belt of piedmonts at 1,200–1,400 m above sea level, in gorges with the dampest microclimate. Few populations are known in northern slope of Talas Mountain Range at the border of Kazakhstan, in adjacent territory of Aksu-Jabagly Nature Reserve (Kazakhstan), in south-western part of Alexander Mountain Range and in canyon of Pskem River (Uzbekistan). Number is reducing as a result of the general impoverishment of vegetation, anthropogenic press to habitats and pesticide pollution. The stenoky, relic character of the specific area and separation of populations are other limiting factors. At present it is out of any protection in Kyrgyz. To preserve this species, it is necessary to arrange comprehensive preservation of the vegetation in habitats, decreasing agricultural use (pasture and haying), to study life-history in immature stages and dependence on microclimate. Perhaps also artificial plantation of host-plants in micro-reservations would be useful.Sapygidae
Asiatic Polochrum Sapygid Wasp / Polochrum pamirepandum
VU: It is one of two representatives of the rarest relic genus, which has scientific importance in zoogeographical aspect and for preservation of the unique genetic fund. Distribution is sporadic, number is very small. The species is known by single specimens from Hissar Mountain Range,Western Pamir, and Western Tien Shan (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz). Only one registered Kyrgyz population occurs in Chatkal Mountain Range in territory of human economic activity, in riverside forest at 1,100 m above sea level. Wasps are solitary inquilines of Carpenter Bees, imagoes were registered on hay-plant flowers in season from beginning of June to beginning of August. Degeneration of habitats of wasps and their hosts arises from wood cutting, pesticide usage and excessive haying. At present time it is out of any protection, but habitats are under formal conservation in the lower altitudinal zone of Sary-Chelek Reservation of Biosphere. It is urgently necessary to prohibit the firewood-cutting of large dry trees, which are nest-substratum for hosts; experimental study of ecology and re-introduction possibilities should be carried out.Masaridae
Kuznetzov’s LongicornWasp / Masaris longicornis
LR: It belongs to rarest representatives of relic family. The genus numbers 4–5 species, which are rare and except one sporadically spread Middle-Asian endemics. This group has scientific importance in aspects of zoogeography, evolution and for preservation of genetic fund (another congener at present time is extinct in Kyrgyz). Colonies sporadically occur in mid-montane zone at places on exposed slopes, at 1,800–3,100m above sea level, with flowering plants (mainly Lamiaceae species); wasps make nests in loess soil. Negative influence to number of these wasps is caused by general impoverishment of vegetation, ploughing-up, melioration, pesticide’s treatments and probably by some natural enemies, especially nest inquilines. At present it is out of any protection, but narrow habitats are almost undisturbed. Creation of two micro-reservations (at southern shore of Issyk-Kul Lake and in Alai Mt. Range), prohibition of pasturage, regulation of haying, monitoring, study of the colonial biology, forage reserve, natural enemies and competitors of this species, are expedient.Formicidae